Security agreement between Ukraine and Finland (full text)
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Agreement on security cooperation and long-term support between Ukraine and the Republic of Finland
I. INTRODUCTION
1. Ukraine and the Republic of Finland, hereinafter jointly referred to as “the Participants”, or “Ukraine and Finland”, reiterate their unequivocal condemnation of Russia’s ongoing full-scale war of aggression against Ukraine and temporary occupation of the territory of Ukraine. Europe’s security is facing the gravest threat in decades. Finland remains unwavering in its commitment to support Ukraine’s independence, sovereignty and territorial integrity within its internationally recognized borders as of 1991, including the territorial sea.
2. Russia’s brutal war is a blatant violation of international law and the Charter of the United Nations (UN Charter), the Helsinki Final Act and the Charter of Paris. Russia’s aggression against Ukraine weakens security and stability across Europe and undermines Russia’s credibility as a party to international agreements. The war has also aggravated the food and energy crisis that is affecting billions of people around the world.
3. In pursuance of the Joint Declaration of Support for Ukraine (“G7 Declaration”), adopted by the Group of Seven and the European Union (EU) on the margins of the NATO Summit in Vilnius on 12 July 2023, and the Nordic countries’ joint statement the same day, Finland is committed to ensuring long-term support for Ukraine's needs, including in the field of security and defence and the strengthening of Ukraine’s resilience.
4. At the second Ukrainian – Nordic Summit in Oslo on 13 December 2023, the leaders of the Nordic countries reaffirmed their unwavering support for Ukraine. They confirmed their continued commitment to provide extensive military, economic and humanitarian support to Ukraine, individually and collectively as Nordics, as well as in the framework of other international formats and platforms. The Nordic countries agreed to start bilateral negotiations with Ukraine on security commitments to be formalised in close coordination with G7 allies and partners.
5. The Nordic countries stand united in bolstering Ukraine’s resilience and capacity to defend itself and remain ready to support Ukraine for as long as it takes to restore its territorial integrity within its internationally recognised borders. The Nordic countries are committed to maintain support for Ukraine as it defends its sovereignty and territorial integrity, rebuilds its economy, protects its citizens, and advances its reform agenda, as it pursues its integration into the Euro-Atlantic community.
6. Hereby the Participants have agreed to deepen their cooperation and partnership by pursuing the long-term bilateral security commitments set forth in this Agreement, which are based on common interests in defending the rules-based international order and the protection of fundamental human rights and freedoms.
II. SCOPE
7. Finland’s security commitments to Ukraine seek to complement contributions from the participants of the G7 Declaration, including the EU and the Nordic countries. These security commitments to Ukraine are coordinated with allies and partners.
8. Finland’s security commitments set forth in this Agreement involve comprehensive support to Ukraine’s inherent right of self-defence against Russia’s full-scale war of aggression and deterrence of future Russian aggression. Any extension of the security commitments will occur in dialogue between the Participants, and in coordination with allies and partners.
9. Finland will continue its support to Ukraine for the ten-year duration of this Agreement.
10. Finland will continue to provide long-term military, political and financial support, as well as humanitarian assistance and civil protection support to Ukraine, with the same dynamics as since the beginning of the full-scale war of aggression, for as long as it takes. Ukraine, for its part, is strongly committed to the implementation of governance reforms, including transparency, accountability and anti-corruption reforms.
III. POLITICAL COMMITMENTS IN SUPPORT OF UKRAINE
The future of Ukraine and its people lies within the Euro-Atlantic family. Ukraine’s security is part of European security and Ukraine has the right to choose its own security arrangements. The Participants reaffirm their commitment to, and support for reforms aimed at realising Ukraine’s European and Euro-Atlantic aspirations, including towards membership in both the European Union and NATO.
11. Ukraine’s future membership of NATO will make a strong contribution to peace and security in Europe. The Participants reaffirm that Ukraine’s security is integral to Euro-Atlantic and global security.
12. Ukraine’s rightful place is in NATO. Finland is dedicated to supporting Ukraine’s reform efforts on its path towards future NATO membership by advancing practical and political cooperation through the Ukraine – NATO Council, Ukraine’s adapted Annual National Programme and NATO’s Comprehensive Assistance Package.
13. Finland will act together with allies to further deepen the Ukraine – NATO relationship. Finland, together with allies, will help to rebuild the Ukrainian security and defence sector and to support Ukraine’s deterrence and defence, including interoperability, in the long term.
14. The Participants reaffirm that Ukraine is part of the European family and has a future within the EU. The Participants welcome the European Council’s decision taken in December 2023 to open the EU accession negotiations with Ukraine.
15. The Participants reaffirm their commitment to work constructively on Ukraine’s progressive integration towards the EU, with a view to its future EU membership. Finland, in cooperation with the EU and its Member States, will continue to support Ukraine in its reforms and accession path. Ukraine remains committed in realising and implementing the reforms needed to fulfil the EU accession criteria.
16. Finland remains committed to supporting Ukraine nationally and through the EU and its Ukraine Facility in Ukraine's recovery, reconstruction and modernization reforms as part of its accession path to the EU.
17. The Participants recall the merit-based nature of the EU accession process. Finland commends Ukraine for the successful reform process so far and acknowledges Ukraine’s efforts to strive for the implementation of necessary reforms under extremely challenging circumstances.
18. Finland will continue its diplomatic efforts to promote and ensure the implementation of Ukraine’s Peace Formula. Ukraine deserves a just and lasting peace based on international law and respecting Ukraine’s sovereignty, independence and territorial integrity.
19. The Participants will continue to develop senior-level consultations on political and strategic matters, including regular Ukraine – Nordic strategic dialogues on the strengthening of Ukraine’s security, defence, resilience, and reform path.
20. The Participants reaffirm their strong commitment to the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) and call for Russia’s immediate return to respecting the OSCE’s principles and commitments. Ukraine and Finland commend the important work of the Support Programme for Ukraine and are willing to make full use of the OSCE’s tools in support of Ukraine’s security, stability and reconstruction. The Participants will work closely to this end, including during Finland’s OSCE chairpersonship in 2025.
IV. COMPREHENSIVE SUPPORT TO UKRAINE’S DEFENCE AND SECURITY
Ukraine’s security is integral to European, Euro-Atlantic and global security. Determined to stand with Ukraine in the long term, Finland will continue to support Ukraine in the field of defence materiel and training assistance, building on the multiple packages of substantial defence materiel delivered and various training activities undertaken since the start of Russia’s full-scale war of aggression.
21. Finland is committed to providing a sustained, comprehensive, substantial and long-term support to Ukraine’s defence sector.
22. Prior to this Agreement, Finland has delivered twenty-two packages of defence materiel to Ukraine. Simultaneously with the signature of this Agreement, Finland announces its twenty-third package, with a total replacement value of 188 million EUR. This will bring the total value of military support provided to Ukraine to close to 2 billion EUR since the beginning of the full-scale war of aggression. With Finland’s 30 million EUR contribution to the Czech initiative of Joint Procurement of Artillery Ammunition to Ukraine, Finland’s support to Ukraine in 2024 already exceeds 400 million EUR and will increase with at least two further packages in the course of the year.
23. Finland’s support will remain considerable and will contain defence materiel based on Ukraine’s immediate and critical needs, such as ammunition.
24. Furthermore, Finland is preparing a four-year support plan, also exploring new and innovative ways to further strengthen its steadfast support across land, air, sea, cyber and electromagnetic, and space domains, prioritising Ukraine’s key defence capability needs. Following the approval of this four-year plan Finland will also announce the approximate total value of Finland’s support to Ukraine in the year 2024.
25. Finland has made a national decision to increase heavy ammunition production. Finland will also work to support Ukraine in developing and building its own ammunition production capabilities e.g. through information sharing, expert support or addressing short-term ammunition supply chain bottlenecks. Subject to separate agreement, concrete projects supporting Ukraine, e.g. to build new ammunition manufacturing capability or to establish strategic stockpiles, may be established. In order to support Ukraine in a sustainable manner, Finland will work with Ukraine to identify funding sources for building ammunition manufacturing capabilities in Ukraine.
26. Finland will work with Ukraine to identify opportunities for closer defence industry partnership and cooperation that will bring mutual benefits by identifying the most impactful investment areas, strengthening efforts to reduce existing barriers to cooperation, and encouraging the Finnish defence industry to invest in Ukraine, in particular by exploring opportunities for joint production.
27. The Participants will cooperate to identify funding sources required to enable development of Ukraine’s defence industrial base, which will include exploring potential for Finnish investments and financial assistance, in particular in the time of war and post-war recovery.
28. Finland will support Ukraine’s efforts to work towards integrating its defence industry into NATO and the EU defence and security frameworks. In particular, Finland will support Ukraine’s defence industry integration into the European defence technological and industrial base, considering also the opportunities provided by the European Defence Industrial Strategy and European Defence Industry Programme.
29. Finland will continue to explore further possibilities to support Ukraine in cooperation with the defence industry. In addition, Finland stresses the importance of strengthening the capacity of the European defence industry and the European technological and industrial base as a whole.
30. Finland has an accelerated procedure for applications of export licences for defence materiel to Ukraine. Re-export licence applications submitted by other countries for defence equipment originally exported from Finland will also be processed urgently.
31. The Participants will cooperate to facilitate the protection of any transferred technologies and intellectual property rights.
32. Ukraine will ensure that Finnish military assistance is used exclusively for Ukraine’s self-defence and is to be used by the security and defence forces of Ukraine against military objectives in accordance with international law, including international humanitarian law. The Participants will cooperate to prevent the diversion and the illegal circulation of military material provided to Ukraine.
33. The EU has strongly condemned Russia’s war of aggression. Finland strongly supports the joint position and action taken by the EU to support Ukraine in its self-defence, including continued utilisation of the European Peace Facility (EPF). Finland continues to advocate for stronger EU Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP) support to Ukraine.
34. Finland will continue its training support according to the needs expressed by Ukraine in the framework of the European Union Military Assistance Mission in support of Ukraine (EUMAM), especially in enhancing Ukrainian combat capabilities. Finland will continue training Ukrainian soldiers also within the UK-led INTERFLEX training mission in which Finland has participated since 2022. Finland will also consider other training opportunities and mutual development of military education, including within the Ukraine Defence Contact Group (UDCG) coalitions, when necessary.
35. Finland will continue to contribute to the EU Advisory Mission in Ukraine (EUAM). By sharing expertise through the EUAM, Finland supports Ukraine in reforming the civilian security sector, law enforcement, and the rule of law institutions. Furthermore, Finland contributes to the work of EUAM in the investigation and prosecution of international crimes, and re-establishing the rule of law in the de-occupied and adjacent territories in Ukraine.
36. In addition to national and bilateral efforts, Finland will actively participate in multinational efforts to strengthen Ukraine’s defence sector, such as the UDCG capability coalitions. Finland has already joined the Artillery Capability and Demining Coalitions as an official member, and is identifying opportunities also in other coalitions with regard to its capacities and Ukraine’s military needs.
37. Finland will support the development of the security and defence forces of Ukraine including (but not limited to) a Future Force Concept, to make them able to deter and defeat any future armed aggression and be integrated into Euro-Atlantic security and defence architecture.
38. The Participants will seek to coordinate their efforts on strengthening international cooperation in the domain of maritime security in accordance with the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea and other international legal instruments. Ukraine and Finland will work on options for Finland to support Ukraine in the development of Ukraine’s naval capabilities.
39. The Participants will strengthen their bilateral cooperation and resilience in countering hybrid threats, taking into account the work done in the context of the EU and NATO, as well as relevant international coalitions, through information and experience sharing. The Participants will deepen their cooperation within the European Centre of Excellence for Countering Hybrid Threats (Helsinki, Finland), including through Ukraine’s enhanced partnership with the Centre.
40. The Participants recognize that the Russian Federation continues to manipulate information in support of its war against Ukraine. The Participants will enhance cooperation to counter all foreign information manipulation and interference, in order to enable the prevention, detection, and disruption of various forms of hybrid influencing, including malign propaganda, disinformation campaigns affecting national security and work for organising joint educational and training programmes for experts.
41. The Participants will explore opportunities to deepen cooperation in digital resilience and cyber security in order to assist Ukraine in detecting and countering Russian and any other malicious cyber activity targeting critical infrastructures in line with the Memorandum of Understanding between Ukraine and Finland on Cooperation in the field of Digital Transformation and Digital Resilience signed in Davos, Switzerland, on 18 January 2023. This will be achieved through enhanced cyber resilience and critical infrastructure protection, cyber threat intelligence sharing, training of specialists and providing technical assistance to Ukraine.
42. The Participants will enhance cooperation in the field of intelligence and security in accordance with applicable legal frameworks in order to prevent, detect and counter subversive activities such as espionage and sabotage by Russia and other actors to secure Ukraine and Finland from such malign activities, while supporting the enhancement and reform of Ukraine’s security and intelligence architecture. This will be achieved through various measures and activities as determined by the Participants, including but not be limited to, intelligence sharing and training.
43. The Participants will foster information sharing and recall the entry into force of the agreement between Ukraine and the Republic of Finland on Mutual Protection of Classified Information on 1st of June 2023.
44. Finland is committed to supporting the mine clearance of the territory of Ukraine, including humanitarian demining and to supporting capacity building of Ukrainian actors in this field. Ukraine’s needs for demining will continue for decades to come. Finland has thus far supported mine action activities in Ukraine to a total value of 7.25 million EUR since 2022. This support covers training of civilians, demining activities, capacity building of State Emergency Service of Ukraine (SESU) and recovery support to mine victims.
45. Finland continues to provide temporary protection for people fleeing from Ukraine due to the Russian aggression and to maintain their well-being in line with EU level approaches. At the date of this agreement, over 64 000 people from Ukraine have applied for temporary protection in Finland since February 2022.
46. Finland continues to channel civil protection assistance based on the needs of Ukraine. The assistance is submitted via the EU Civil Protection Mechanism. Civil protection assistance has taken the form of in-kind assistance, deployment of experts and medical evacuation. In addition to the 300 truckloads of assistance, Finland has sent a total of 76 vehicles, including rescue service vehicles and school buses to Ukraine, to a total value of approximately 20 million EUR. Finland has also deployed CBRN and logistics experts on missions related to the war.
47. In order to ensure the above-mentioned objectives, the Participants will hold an annual senior-level Strategic Security and Defence Policy Dialogue. The Participants will seek to develop mutually beneficial security and defence cooperation suitable for all situations. The terms, format and scope of such assistance will be determined by the Participants.
V. COMMITMENTS TO THE SUPPORT FOR REFORMS IN UKRAINE
Inclusive reform is indispensable for Ukraine’s current and future security and prosperity, for its democracy, the resilience of its institutions and for Ukraine’s European and Euro-Atlantic aspirations, including towards EU and NATO membership.
48. Ukraine commits to implement reforms as defined by the EU, the International Monetary Fund and NATO, covering inter alia governance, transparency, anti-corruption and democratic control over its security and defence forces. Ukraine’s implementation of these reforms are essential for its EU and NATO aspirations.
49. Finland will continue its long-term support to Ukraine’s Rule of Law development, ensuring that Ukraine's recovery, reconstruction and implementation of the key reforms are well aligned with EU rules and standards. In addition to the EU, the work done in the frameworks of the Council of Europe and the OSCE is important in this regard.
50. Finland is committed to enhancing the cooperation and sharing its expertise on anti-corruption work with Ukraine as a member of U4 Anti-Corruption Resource Center and stands ready to further intensify cooperation in this field.
51. The Participants will cooperate to combat serious and organised crime (SOC).
52. Finland will continue to provide humanitarian assistance to Ukraine for as long as needed. Finland’s humanitarian aid is channelled through our partners in the United Nations, the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement and Finnish civil society organisations.
53. Finland continues the civil defence support to Ukraine and the deployment of experts through the EU Civil Protection Mechanism. The provision of wide-ranging in-kind assistance has entailed equipment, such as vehicles and supplies for medical, civil defence, radiation and nuclear safety, firefighting, energy, and other needs. Finland remains ready to receive and treat civilian and military patients in need of medical care from Ukraine. Finland continues the cooperation with the authorities of Ukraine’s civil protection and rescue services on civil defence shelters and other matters.
54. To support integrated border management in Ukraine, Finland seconds experts to the EUAM in Ukraine as well as the EU Border Assistance Mission (EUBAM Ukraine-Moldova). Finland remains ready to give support to possible future civilian missions in Ukraine by the EU, the OSCE and the UN, and promotes rapid international responses to the needs of Ukraine’s civilian security and justice sectors. Finland will continue to support Ukraine in aligning its integrated border management to EU standards with expertise and training possibilities. Possibilities for providing training opportunities, such as train-the-trainers and other support for the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine, and continuing to share experience with Ukraine in the area of securing the external borders, will be assessed in line with what has been agreed between the respective services.
55. The Participants reaffirm their commitment to the already well-established cooperation on environmental safety. This cooperation will continue in the future, including in the framework of Ukraine’s Peace Formula. Finland, together with Germany and Bulgaria, are co-chairs of the working group on environmental safety of Ukraine’s Peace Formula. Ukrainian and Finnish Ministries of the Environment have signed three Memorandums of Understanding on bilateral cooperation. The Participants will strive for their prompt and effective implementation.
56. Finland will continue to support Ukraine in assessing the environmental damages of the war through the expertise of the Ministry of the Environment and the Finnish Environment Institute with their Ukrainian and international counterparts.
57. Finland will continue its active and already longstanding cooperation with Ukraine on nuclear safety. The Finnish Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority will continue to assist the State Nuclear Regulatory Inspectorate of Ukraine to increase its radiation safety capabilities.
58. Finland will continue to support the modernising of Ukrainian weather and early warning services through cooperation of Finnish Meteorological Institute and the Hydrometeorological Center of Ukraine, which has achieved concrete results in incorporating Ukraine to the European MeteoAlarm system.
59. Finland will continue cooperation with Ukraine on energy security and will assist Ukraine to reconstruct the energy sector in accordance with the principles of green transition, modern technologies and energy efficiency, e.g. demonstrating the Nordic Cooperation through financing of Nordic Environment Finance Corporation (NEFCO) to generate direct or indirect environmental or climate-related benefits.
60. Finland will support Ukraine to enhance the protection, resilience and restoration of critical infrastructure. The Participants will launch joint educational and training programmes for critical infrastructure protection specialists.
61. Finland will support Ukraine’s efforts to create conditions for equal participation of women and men in conflict resolution, peacebuilding, recovery, security challenges, systemic response to gender-based violence, and conflict-related violence.
62. Finland will continue to support the key reforms in the education sector through cooperation between the Ministries of Education and other relevant institutions, including the Finnish National Agency for Education, and providing support in maintaining the functional ability of the education sector with particular emphasis on inclusion and quality of the education. The Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine and the Ministry of Education and Culture of Finland, reaffirmed the cooperation through Memorandum of Understanding signed in January 2024.
VI. PROMOTING ACCOUNTABILITY
The Participants acknowledge the importance of justice for a lasting and sustainable peace in Ukraine and beyond. There shall be no impunity for international crimes committed in and against Ukraine. Sanctions pressure shall be maintained and strengthened until Russia complies with its international obligations.
63. The Participants reaffirm their commitment to ensuring accountability of the Russian Federation for all the damage, loss or injury to individuals and entities in Ukraine, as well as to the state of Ukraine, as a result of the internationally wrongful acts of the Russian Federation in or against Ukraine, including waging the war of aggression in violation of the UN Charter. The Participants share the conviction on the need to ensure accountability for the crime of aggression against Ukraine and on the need to establish a tribunal for that purpose. The Participants will continue their work, including in the Core Group for the establishment of a tribunal for prosecuting the crime of aggression against Ukraine.
64. The Participants reaffirm that there must be no impunity for war crimes and other atrocities committed in Ukraine.
65. The Participants will continue to support the investigation and prosecution of alleged international crimes within Ukraine and will continue to support the work of the International Criminal Court (ICC). Finland continues to second experts to the ICC and to the EUAM working in the area of justice and accountability. Furthermore, Finland continues to deploy experts through the EUAM to support the work of the Prosecutor General of Ukraine and build Ukraine’s capacities to investigate and prosecute the reported war crimes in the context of Russia’s war of aggression.
66. The Participants reaffirm that the Russian Federation must be held accountable for the damages caused by its internationally wrongful acts in and against Ukraine. Finland supports the work on finding ways to utilise frozen and immobilised Russian assets to support Ukraine and its recovery and reconstruction, in accordance with EU and international law and in coordination with partner countries. The Participants will continue to work together along with like-minded partners towards the establishment of a compensation mechanism to provide compensation for damage, loss or injury caused by Russia's aggression, as envisaged by the Statute of the Register of Damage Caused by the Aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine adopted by the Resolution of the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe CM/Res(2023)3. In this regard, the Participants will explore appropriate options for the financing of a compensation mechanism consistent with international law to provide prompt and adequate compensation for damage, loss or injury caused by Russia’s aggression to victims of the aggression.
67. The Participants recognise the value of sanctions in restricting the Russian Federation's access to the finance, goods, technology and services it is utilising in its aggression, in bearing down on Russia's revenue streams, and to deter future attacks. Finland will remain committed to pursuing robust restrictive measures and export controls against sectors of the Russian economy and those in the Russian Federation and outside who are supporting or profiting from the war, or assisting in sanctions circumvention in third countries. Finland will continue to take determined action through the EU to uphold sanction pressure on Russia and to tackle all forms of circumvention of restrictive measures. Finland will also cooperate and share expertise with Ukraine on EU restrictive measures, their implementation and combatting sanctions evasion and circumvention.
68. The Participants will provide each other with up-to-date appropriate information on the grounds for sanctions and other relevant information, in compliance with relevant obligations and national laws.
69. The Participants will provide mutual legal assistance under existing instruments for judicial international cooperation in criminal matters.
VII. RECONSTRUCTION AND FINANCING SUPPORT
Finland is committed to helping Ukrainians rebuild their country. The support of Finland is steadfast, durable and long-term. The strong relationship between Ukraine and Finland will contribute to a credible and lasting framework that will secure Ukraine’s prosperous future. The Participants will deepen and strengthen their cooperation taking into account the evolving needs of the Ukrainian people. Our joint efforts will support Ukraine on its Euro-Atlantic path. Finland is committed to participating in Ukraine’s reconstruction across a broad front, and to creating preconditions for the private sector to operate in Ukraine. The recovery of Ukrainian economy will benefit the entire global economy.
70. Finland is preparing a national reconstruction plan for Ukraine, which will outline Finland's overall support to Ukraine. The first part of the plan, published in December 2023, focuses on ways to enable participation of Finnish companies in the reconstruction effort. The second part of the plan will address the participation of central government and stakeholders in reconstruction more extensively, especially through development cooperation and humanitarian aid.
71. Ukraine is Finland’s biggest development cooperation partner. The budget for development cooperation and humanitarian aid for 2024 – 2028 amounts to 290 million EUR. The Participants are determined to intensify their cooperation in numerous areas. The Government of Finland has decided to support the reconstruction of Ukraine by various measures. Strengthening structures supporting the rule of law and combating corruption will be taken into consideration in all forms of support.
72. The export financing instruments of Finnvera, the Finnish national export credit agency, are enabled by means of compensation for potential credit losses up to a 50 million EUR limit by the State of Finland. Finnvera is also ready to look into possibilities of offering investment guarantees to cover political risks in investments in Ukraine.
73. The Finnish development financier Finnfund’s capital will be increased by an equity capital increase of 25 million EUR. Finnfund’s investment risk in Ukraine will be covered by special government risk financing, up to 80% of the risk.
74. Additional funding of 8 million EUR in total will be allocated to the Finnpartnership programme in 2024 – 2027. The programme supports the Ukrainian society by offering business partnership and investment preparation support for Finnish companies in Ukraine. The projects aim for long-term business operations and partnerships in Ukraine.
75. The Government of Finland will examine allocating special risk capital to cover the needs of the Public Sector Investment Facility (PIF). PIF framework agreement negotiations will be initiated with Ukraine. If agreed, a new mixed credit instrument, Ukraine Investment Facility (UIF), will be set up and prepared enabling projects up to the value of 50 million EUR in 2025 – 2026 following the principles of the PIF.
76. Finland reaffirms its commitment to channelling financing to Ukraine’s reconstruction through international financial institutions (IFI). Since February 2022, Finland has committed additional support of 97 million EUR through the World Bank (WB), 5.3 million EUR through the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD), 5 million EUR through the European Investment Bank (EIB) and 5 million EUR through the Nordic Environment Finance Corporation (NEFCO). In addition, Finland has committed itself to recapitalization of EBRD by 50 million EUR.
VIII. COOPERATION IN THE EVENT OF A FUTURE RUSSIAN ARMED ATTACK
77. In the event of a future Russian armed attack against Ukraine, at the request of either Participant, the Participants will consult within 24 hours, bilaterally or via other channels they both deem suitable, in order to determine appropriate next steps.
78. Finland, in accordance with its legal and constitutional requirements, will provide swift and sustained security assistance, including modern military equipment across land, sea and air domains. In addition, Finland will provide economic assistance, impose economic and other costs on Russia, and agree to consult on Ukraine’s needs as it exercises its right of self-defence enshrined in Article 51 of the UN Charter.
79. In order to ensure the widest and most effective collective response to possible future armed attacks, the Participants may amend these provisions in order to align with any mechanism that they may subsequently agree with their other international partners, including the participants of the G7 Declaration.
IX. CONSULTATION, COORDINATION AND REVIEW
80. In order to facilitate the implementation of this Agreement on security commitments and to ensure an ongoing strategic dialogue, appropriate consultation structures between the Participants will be arranged.
81. The Participants will, if necessary, designate authorised bodies for the development and implementation of bilateral arrangements in accordance with the areas of cooperation specified in this Agreement.
82. This Agreement is subject to ongoing review in order to monitor progress on implementation with a special focus on ensuring adherence to accountability and transparency.
X. FINAL PROVISIONS
83. This Agreement may be amended and supplemented, including by adding annexes thereto, at any time by mutual agreement of the Participants.
84. Any disputes between the Participants arising out of the interpretation and/or implementation of this Agreement will be settled amicably through negotiation or consultation between the Participants.
85. This Agreement will come into effect upon signature of the Participants, and is valid for ten years from the date of its signature.
86. The Participants can jointly decide to extend this Agreement through notification no later than 6 months prior to the lapse of the ten-year period.
87. At the same time and in accordance with the G7 Declaration, the Participants share the opinion that this Agreement is without prejudice to Ukraine pursuing a pathway toward future membership in NATO.
88. In the event that Ukraine becomes a member of NATO before the expiry of this Agreement, the Participants will decide on its future status.
89. This Agreement may be terminated by either Participant by giving written notice to the other Participant. This Agreement will be terminated 6 months from the date of receipt of such notice. The termination will not affect the implementation of ongoing activities or projects, which have been decided prior to the date of its termination, unless the Participants decide otherwise.
Signed in Kyiv on 3 April 2024, in duplicate, in the English and Ukrainian languages, the English version of which shall prevail in the event of any discrepancy.
For Ukraine: President Volodymyr Zelenskyy
For Finland: President Alexander Stubb
